RESOURCES
NEW!
Anesthesia Answers is AANA’s new patient-facing website designed to help patients and families better understand what to expect before, during, and after surgery, childbirth, or other procedures requiring anesthesia.
Research Reinforcing Value of CRNAs
Explore independent research, studies and reports that demonstrate the value of nurse anesthetists and the critical role they play in today’s health care system. These resources provide evidence on patient safety, quality of care, cost-effectiveness, access to anesthesia services and the essential contributions nurse anesthetists make to patients and communities.
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Adams, E. K. and S. Markowitz (2018). Improving efficiency in the health-care system: Removing anticompetitive barriers for advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants. Policy Proposal 2018-08. The Hamilton Project, Brookings. (That link takes you to a general page. HERE is the full report)
Beissel DE. (2016). Complication Rates for Fluoroscopic Guided Interlaminar Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections Performed by Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in Diverse Practice Settings. J Healthc Qual.38(6):344-352.
Conover CJ, Richards R. (2015). Economic benefits of less restrictive regulation of advanced practice nurses in North Carolina. Nurs Outlook. 63(5):585-92.
Coomer NM, Mills A, Beadles C, Gillen E, Chew R, & Quraishi JA. (2019). Anesthesia Staffing Models and Geographic Prevalence Post-Medicare CRNA/Physician Exemption Policy. Nurs Econ. 37(2), 86-91.
Dulisse B, Cromwell J (2010). No Harm Found When Nurse Anesthetists Work Without Supervision by Physicians, Health Affairs, 29:1469 1475.
Federal Trade Commission. Policy Perspectives: Competition and the Regulation of Advance Practice Nurses. March 2014. U.S. Government Accountability Office.
Ghosh PP, Tarazi WW, Ume N, Ferrara EE, Hogan P, Parker ED (2025). Impact of scope of practice laws for certified registered nurse anesthetists on the utilization of anesthesia services. Health Serv Res. 0:e70052. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.70052
Hoyem RL, Quraishi JA, Jordan L, Wiltse Nicely KL. (2019). Advocacy, Research, and Anesthesia Practice Models: Key Studies of Safety and Cost-Effectiveness. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 20(4):193–204.
Lewis SR, Nicholson A, Smith AF, Alderson P (2014). Physician anaesthetists versus non-physician providers of anaesthesia for surgical patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,7:CD010357.
Martin, B. and M. Alexander (2019). The Economic Burden and Practice Restrictions Associated With Collaborative Practice Agreements: A National Survey of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses. Journal of Nursing Regulation 9(4): 22-30.
Mills, A., Sorensen, A., Gillen, E., Coomer, N. M., Theis, E., Scope, S., Beadles, C., & Quraishi, J. (2020). Quality, Costs, and Policy: Factors Influencing Choice of Anesthesia Staffing Models. Journal of Healthcare Management, 65(1), 45–60.
Needleman J, Minnick AF (2009). Anesthesia Provider Model, Hospital Resources, and Maternal Outcomes. Health Service Research. 44(Part I):464-82.
Negrusa B, Hogan PF, Warner JT, Schroeder CH, Pang B (2016). Scope of Practice Laws and Anesthesia Complications. No Measurable Impact of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists Expanded Scope of Practice on Anesthesia-related Complications. Medical Care, 54(10): 913-920.
Palmer A, Sawyer J, Beeson A, Rosner S, Padhye I, Andrilla HA (2025). An examination of factors contributing to different anesthesia models in underserved areas. Nurs Outlook. 73(2):102352. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2025.102352
Pine M, Holt KD, Lou YB (2003). Surgical Mortality and Type of Anesthesia Provider. AANA J. 71: 109-116.
Simonson D, Ahern M, Hendry M. (2007). Anesthesia Staffing and Anesthetic Complications During Cesarean Delivery, Nursing Research, 56,1:9-17.
Unruh L, Rutherford A, Schirle L, Brunell ML. (2018). Benefits of Less Restrictive Regulation of Advance Practice Registered Nurses in Florida. Nursing Outlook 66(6): 539-550.